Report

Report: Properties of Matter

Introduction

Matter is everything and everywhere. There are three physical properties of matter: volume, mass, and weight. The properties of matter, mass, volume, and weight include: the states of matter, the changing states of matter, and density. The states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein Condensate. The changing states of matter are, freezing, melting, boiling, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation. Density is whether an object will sink and the combination of volume and mass. Matter can be in different forms (solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate), shapes or forms, and physical properties. The properties of matter have different points: matter, states of matter, changing states of matter, and density.

Properties of Matter

Matter is made of atoms and molecules. It also is everything and everywhere. Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. This picture on the right shows an atom that is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are in the inside and the electrons are in the outside of the atom. Molecules are made when two particles come together. Millions and millions of atoms come together to make matter. Matter is also has physical properties. The physical properties are: volume, mass, and weight. Volume is how much the states of matter take up space and can be measured by a graduated cylinder. Mass is how much matter is in an object and can be measured by grams. Weight is how much gravity pulls on an object and can be measured by a scale. The physical properties of matter can be identified form the 5 senses: sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing. Some things aren’t made of matter. They are, your shadow, energy, heat, light, and sound.

States of Matter

There are three states of matter common to earth, and there are two that are rarely found on earth. The five states of matter are solids, liquids, gas, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensate. The three states of matter most common to earth are solids, liquids, and gas. The most uncommon states of matter on earth are Plasmas and Bose- Einstein Condensate.

Solids

The first state of matter are solids. They have packed atoms that have little space to move. A solid can sometimes be sturdy because has a lined pattern and has strong bonds and doesn’t go together. For example, when solids have small shapes like grains or sand, it sometimes pours like a liquid, but is still a solid. Solids are also the only state of matter that is compacted together and has little space to move.

Liquids

Liquids are the second state of matter. They take up the space or volume of the container and when it isn’t in a container, the liquids spreads as far as it can. They are very different to solids because liquids have weaker bonds and move more freely in their container. If the water or liquids falls in your hands, it takes up the volume of your hands. If the liquid pours on the floor, it tries to take up as much space as possible. When you want to mix a solid or powder into a liquids and mix it together in a container, it is still a liquid even though the solid went into the container. Sometimes mixtures of a liquid can be separated by sizes.

Gases

The third state of matter is gas. Gas has no definite volume or shape. Gas is the third state of matter that is most common to earth, moves more freely than a liquid, and will take the shape of its container. Even though there is only little gas in a particular space, it will still try to take up space in its container. The atoms of gases are the quickest of the three most common states of matter on earth. Gases are usually invisible to see and cannot be held or seen. Even though they are not being able to be seen, the can still be filled in an empty room.

Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate

Plasmas are the fourth state of matter. It not either a solid, liquid, or gas. Its an electorally charged gas that isn’t the same as the third state of matter gas. It can’t be able to be held in a simple container because its too hot. Plasmas are also in the sun and in the regular open sign on window of a store. The sun and an open sign because they are made of plasma. The open sing has neon lights in it that is electorally charged. Bose-Einstein Condensate (B.E.C)  is the fifth state of matter that was made by people. It doesn’t really count as a state of matter because it wasn’t made by nature. These two states of matter are the only states of matter that are rarely found on earth.

Changing States of Matter

There are two ways to change any of the states of matter to another. They are physical and chemical changes. Physical changes happen when the one of the states of matter has changed, but the substance is still the same. Chemical changes only happen when the state of matter changes, there is a new substance. The physical changes are: freezing, melting, boiling, evaporation, condensation,and sublimation. Other physical changes or also in the water cycle.

Physical and Chemical Changes

Melting and freezing happens with the two states of matter, solids and liquids. When the freezing point is exactly at 32ºF, the liquid will change into a solid. When the melting point is anything above 32ºF, the solid (ice) will melt. Boiling for example is when water gets heated up at a high temperature and the steam turns into a gas at 212ºF, or 100ºC. Sublimation is when a solid changes into a gas or when a gas turned into a solid and doesn’t go into the liquid state. For example, a piece of dry ice will automatically change a solid to a gas because it has carbon dioxide. Evaporation happens with the heat of the sun. When water from a rain storm stays on the ground, the heat and energy from the sun heats the water up and turns into gas from a liquid. Condensation is a phase when a gas turns into a liquid. When a liquid gets boiled, but there is a cover to not let it escape, it comes back into a liquid on the cover. The water cycle is a part of the changing states of matter. Some water in oceans gets evaporated by the sun, gets into clouds, and rains down to earth all over again. Chemical changes when item or one of the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma, bose-einstien condesate) can change by burning, cooking, and rusting.

Density

Have you ever noticed when you throw a rock into water it’ll sink, but when you throw a stick, the stick floats.Well it’s because of density. Density is the combination of mass and volume and can be the choice whether and object floats or sinks. There are two types of density, a low density and a high density.When an object has a low density, the object isn’t tightly packed and will float. In the other hand an object with a high density is tightly packed and will sink. For example take a tennis ball and a sponge and throw both objects to water. The tennis ball will sink and the sponge will float. Since the tennis ball has a high density it will sink, and the sponge has a low density so it will float.

Conclusion

Properties of matter all include these things: the states of matter, the changing states of matter and density. All of these things are included through the properties of matter because of mass, volume, and weight, without properties of matter, who knows what things are made of and what objects are. Solids, liquids and gases are the most common on earth, but plasma and Bose-Enstein Condensate are the only two states of matter that are rarely found on earth. The changing states of matter have two different types of changing: physical change and chemical change. Physical change is when a substance changes, but isn’t permanently change. Chemical changes are also like chemical reactions. Chemical changes happen when a substance changing, but can come back to its original state. Density is whether an object as low or high density and is whether an object floats or sinks. Matter is every non-living thing and is everywhere!